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M9470016.TXT
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1994-07-02
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Document 0016
DOCN M9470016
TI Idiopathic, herpetic, and HIV-associated facial nerve palsies: abnormal
MR enhancement patterns.
DT 9409
AU Sartoretti-Schefer S; Wichmann W; Valavanis A; Department of
Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich,; Switzerland.
SO AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1994 Mar;15(3):479-85. Unique Identifier :
AIDSLINE MED/94256300
AB PURPOSE: To determine specific criteria that can be used to define
normal versus abnormal MR contrast enhancement of the facial nerve.
METHODS: Twenty-three patients with acute unilateral inflammatory
peripheral facial nerve palsy were examined on a 1.5-T MR using
multiplanar T1-weighted spin-echo sequences before and after injection
of gadopentetate dimeglumine. These MR patterns were compared with those
of healthy control subjects. RESULTS: The normal facial nerve usually
showed a mild to moderate enhancement of the geniculate ganglion and the
tympanic-mastoid segment. The intracanalicular-labyrinthine segment did
not enhance. All patients showed abnormal enhancement of the distal
intracanalicular and the labyrinthine segment. An intense enhancement
could be observed in the geniculate ganglion and the proximal tympanic
segment, especially in herpetic palsy. Associated enhancement of the
vestibulocochlear nerve was seen in herpetic and idiopathic palsy.
Enhancement of the inner ear structures was detected only in herpetic
palsy. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal contrast enhancement of the distal
intracanalicular and the labyrinthine facial nerve segment is observed
in all patients and is the only diagnostically reliable MR feature
proving an inflammatory facial nerve lesion. The intense enhancement of
the geniculate ganglion and the proximal tympanic segment is possibly
correlated with the reactivation of the latent infection in the sensory
ganglion. The abnormal enhancement results from breakdown of the
blood-peripheral nerve barrier and/or from venous congestion in the
venous plexuses of the epi- and perineurium.
DE Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/COMPLICATIONS Adolescence Adult
Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Facial Nerve/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY Facial
Paralysis/ETIOLOGY/*PATHOLOGY Female Herpes Zoster Oticus/*PATHOLOGY
Human *Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Age Prospective
Studies JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).